Antioxidants in Longevity and Medicine 2014
نویسندگان
چکیده
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generated from the enzymatic and nonenzymatic sources from superoxide (O 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively, are established to cause oxidative, nitroxidative, nitrative, and nitrosative stresses in the biological systems. Scientific evidence is mounting in favor of the involvement of ROS-induced oxidative stress and RNS stress in diverse pathophysiological states in experimental animal models and humans including the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal diseases to name a few. Among many proposed and tested theories of aging, the oxidative stress theory of aging underscores the ROS-induced damage as being instrumental in the progressive and unalterable alterations at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels during aging and shortening of life span.Thebalance between theROS/RNS and antioxidants is highly critical to maintain the cellular health and any alteration in that balance caused by either the elevation of production of ROS/RNS or decrease of antioxidant status in the cells will lead to diverse pathophysiological states. Antioxidants (enzymatic and nonenzymatic), either endogenous or exogenous, are known to counteract the deleterious actions of ROS/RNS leading to protection against the oxidative stress and RNS stress. Therefore, this special issue focuses on the possibilities of protection against the ROS-induced oxidative stress and RNS stress which could potentially impact aging, life span, and diseases among humans. Several experts in the fields of ROS andRNSbiology have contributed original research and review articles highlighting the stateof-the-art cellular andmolecular mechanisms and protection of pathophysiology of oxidative stress and RNS stress in diseases, aging, and age-associated pathophysiological states. The articles published in this special issue are broadly grouped into (1) conditions that elevate oxidative stress, (2) conditions that decrease/attenuate oxidative stress, and (3) aging and oxidative stress.
منابع مشابه
Effect of Antioxidants Supplementation on Aging and Longevity
If aging is due to or contributed by free radical reactions, as postulated by the free radical theory of aging, lifespan of organisms should be extended by administration of exogenous antioxidants. This paper reviews data on model organisms concerning the effects of exogenous antioxidants (antioxidant vitamins, lipoic acid, coenzyme Q, melatonin, resveratrol, curcumin, other polyphenols, and sy...
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Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can result from exposure to environmental pollutants, such as ionising and nonionising radiation, ultraviolet radiation, elevated concentrations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, cigarette smoke, asbestos, particulate matter, pesticides, dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and many other compounds present in the ...
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No single agent has been shown to truly reverse aging or increase longevity in humans. This article reviews the evidence of efficacy (or lack thereof) for two types of agents touted as antiaging therapies: antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids) and hormones (growth hormone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and vitamin D).
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a predominant humoral immune deficiency predisposing the patients to infections. Oxidative stress leads to an increased immunoglobulin k light chain production in B cells and contributes to the antibodies' deficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia. Aim of the Study. To evaluate the global oxidative status in patients with CLL and to determine wh...
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Epilepsy is considered one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide. Oxidative stress produced by free radicals may play a role in the initiation and progression of epilepsy; the changes in the mitochondrial and the oxidative stress state can lead mechanism associated with neuronal death pathway. Bioenergetics state failure and impaired mitochondrial function include excessive free r...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
دوره 2015 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2015